Saturday, March 22, 2014

Starting A Reef Tank: Part 1

What are the steps to starting a reef tank?  What are the things I need to know about a reef tank?  What are the types of tanks to choose from for a reef tank?  What are the components of a reef tank? So on and so on are the questions that will run thru your head when starting a reef tank.

You need a plan.  I recommend a well thought out checklist.  Below is a "pretty" good list that I put together.  You will see terms and words that you want understand.  That's ok because my future posts I will go over and expand on the more important sections.

  • Types of Fishes
    • Mixed community fishes
    • Species tank
    • Smaller ones
    • Big ones
  • Types of Corals
    • Soft Corals
    • Large Polyp Stony Corals (LPS)
    • Small Polyp Stony Corals (SPS)
  • Tank & Stand
    • Size of tank (nano, mid-size, expert size)
    • Location of tank (carpet floor not recommended)
  • Tank Material
    • Glass
    • Acrylic
  • Type of Stand
    • Aquarium stand (big enough for underneath sump or not?)
    • Existing desk or counter space
    • DIY design
    • Custom
  • Hood/Cover
    • Glass cover
    • Full hood
    • Other
  • Tank Background
    • Painted back
    • Printed sheet
  • Lighting
    • T5 HO fluorescent lights (try for 4 watts per gallon)
    • Metal halides
    • Power compact fluorescent lights
    • LEDs
  • Live Rock (1.25 - 1.50 pounds per gallon)
    • Base rock: pounds needed (cured/uncured)
    • Reef rock: pounds needed (cured/uncured)
    • Premium Reef rock: pounds needed (cured/uncured)
  • Substrate
    • Dry coral sand
    • Live sand
  • Filtration (I simplify it into 2 types depending on tank type)
    • Under Stand (for tanks with pre-drilled holes... a.k.a "reef ready")
      • Reef sump system (Overflow/Sump/Refugium/Skimmer)
      • Canister Filter
      • Wet/Dry Filter System
      • Other hybrid variants
    • Hang On Back (for tanks without pre-drilled holes for pipes)
      • Skimmer
        • Counter current type
        • Venturi type
        • Downdraft type
        • Aspirating type
        • Other types
      • Refugium
      • Sump
      • Combination system (Sump/Refugium/Skimmer)
      • Overflow Box - A box that hangs on the back that allows a non-reef ready tank to put all filtration stuff under the tank without having holes drilled in the tank.
    • UV Filter - Really optional but... a device that your water runs thru and the water gets exposed to a strong UV light that kills all the bad things in the water.
  • Circulation Pumps
    • Flow rate (I recommend tank volume turn over 10-15 times per hour)
    • Flow Types
      • Laminar
      • Direct focused
    • Wavemaker Controller - optional controller for circulation pumps to add "randomness" to flow versus all the pumps on all the time.
  • Testing Gear
    • Thermometer (internal or external... I recommend just getting a good digital one that has a water probe)
    • Hydrometer/Refractometers ( I recommend a refractometer because it's so easy and nice to use to check salinity)
    • Saltwater Test Kits (many brands and variations... stay with API brand or Red Sea)
  • Water (this is a biggie)
    • Salt Mix (I like Instant Ocean and Red Sea Salt Mix)
    • Water Source
      • Ocean (best of course but would recommend running the water thru a UV filter)
      • Reverse Osmosis De-ionization System (makes pure water from your tap water)
      • Tap Water (depends on your areas water... before using it I would test it for nitrates and phosphates... and of course us a de-chlorinator
  • Other Important Stuff
    • Heater - 2-3 watts per gallon then divide by 2 and get 2 different heaters for redundancy.
      • Example: 100 gallon tank needs 300 watts of heater so get two 150 watt heaters versus just one big 300 watt heater.
    • Power Strip (get one with many outlets and GFI built-in)
    • Light Timer (nice to have so you don't have to worry about turning lights on and off)
  • Misc Stuff (some optional)
    • Saltwater mixing and storing containers (food grade)
    • Buckets (food grade)
    • Net
    • Cleaning things
      • Pads
      • Scrapers
      • Vinegar (don't ever use soap... vinegar is your friend)
    • Siphon (simple to advanced... I recommend just a simple one)
    • Fish foods (not really need at first but once you are ready for fish I recommend frozen types)

A lot to look at here I know.  Watch for more posts where I explain the more important parts on this checklist.

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